MOHS SURGERY: NARRATIVE REVIEW

Mohs micrographic surgery (MMC) is a specialized surgical and anatomopathological procedure whose purpose is to eliminate skin cancer trying to preserve the greatest amount of healthy tissue while controlling the tumor margin; is the method of choice for the treatment of non-melanoma skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), however there is evidence that supports its use in less frequent tumor,, including those tumors that are not well de?ned clinically and have a high risk of recurrence due to their histology and anatomical location

Modified Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of five cases of eccrine porocarcinoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of modified Mohs micrographic surgery in the treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma.Methods:Clinical data were collected from 5 patients with eccrine porocarcinoma, who treated with modified Mohs micrographic surgery in Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital from 2016 to 2020, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 5 patients, 2 were males and 3 were females, their age ranged from 52 to 80 years, and the course of disease ranged from 1 to 50 years. Skin lesions were located on the scalp, face, abdomen, thighs and feet, with diameters ranging from 1 to 6 cm. Tumor excision was performed with 1-cm margins, and was deep to the superficial fascial layers. For histopathologically negative surgical margins, the defects were closed with skin flaps or grafts; for histopathologically positive margins, the excision margin continued to be widened until it was clean. The 5 patients were followed up for 1 - 5 years without recurrence, and 1 died 2 years later due to liver cancer metastasis.Conclusion:Modified Mohs micrographic surgery can ensure clean resection margins and reduce the loss of normal tissues in the treatment of eccrine porocarcinoma.

Carcinoma basocelular de couro cabeludo x alopecia frontal fibrosante: desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico / Basal cell carcinoma of the scalp x frontal fibrosing alopecia: diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

O carcinoma basocelular é considerado a neoplasia mais comum do mundo, tem como principal fator de risco a radiação ultravioleta, pode aparecer em todo o corpo incluindo couro cabeludo. A alopecia frontal fibrosante é uma alopecia cicatricial primária, variante do líquen planopilar. A associação entre as duas patologias não tem relato prévio na literatura. Neste caso apresenta-se paciente feminina, pós-menopausa, atendida por queixa de queda de cabelo, com diagnóstico histopatológico de alopecia frontal fibrosante e carcinoma basocelular de couro cabeludo. A distinção das margens tumorais para exérese completa da neoplasia é complexa apenas pela dermatoscopia e exame físico, devido á presença de áreas de atrofia em comum. Então se optou pela cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs para delimitação histopatológica de margens.

BCC is considered the most common neoplasia in the world, it can appear throughout the body including the scalp. Frontal fibrosing alopecia is a primary scarring alopecia, variant of lichen planopilaris. The association between the two pathologies has not been previously reported in the literature. In this case it is presented a brazilian female patient complaining of hair loss, with histopathological diagnosis of AFF and scalp BCC. The distinction of tumor margins for neoplastic excision is complex only by dermoscopy and physical examination, due to areas of common atrophy. So Mohs micrographic surgery was chosen for histopathological delimitation of margins.

Comparación histopatológica entre biopsia preoperatoria y debulking luego de la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs en carcinomas cutáneos / Histopathological comparison between preoperative biopsy and debulking after Mohs micrographic surgery in cutaneous carcinomas / Comparação histopatológica entre biópsia pré-operatória e citorredução após cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs em carcinomas cutâneos

Resumen: Introducción: el subtipo histopatológico es uno de los determinantes fundamentales en la clasificación de riesgo de los carcinomas cutáneos. Surge de una biopsia incisional que representa solo un porcentaje de la masa tumoral, siendo la principal preocupación la no detección de un subtipo agresivo. De ahí nace el interés de comparar la similitud entre ésta y la pieza de escisión quirúrgica (debulking) de la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs (CMM). Objetivos: comparar los resultados histopatológicos entre la biopsia incisional y el debulking en los carcinomas cutáneos tratados con CMM en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital de Clínicas en el período de noviembre de 2013 a marzo de 2019. Metodología: estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, se analizaron 202 pacientes con carcinomas de piel no melanoma (CPNM) sometidos a CMM en el servicio de Cirugía Dermatológica del Hospital de Clínicas "Dr. Manuel Quintela" entre noviembre de 2013 y marzo de 2019. Resultados: únicamente se consideran los casos donde en el debulking se halló tumor. Del total, la biopsia coincidió con el debulking en 61,39% de los casos. El debulking mostró un subtipo agresivo que no fue detectado en la biopsia en 8,41% de los casos. Conclusiones: el estudio histopatológico del debulking ha demostrado ser relevante, siendo la biopsia incisional parcialmente representativa para determinar el subtipo histopatológico de un CPNM, ya que aproximadamente 1 de cada 10 carcinomas podrían ser subdiagnosticados y tratados de manera insuficiente.

Abstract: Introduction: histological subtype is a vital element in determining the risk of skin cancer. It may be determined by an incisional biopsy which represents just a percentage of the tumor mass, the main concern lying in its potential failure to detect an agressive subtype. Therefore, comparing the results of biopsies with the surgically obtained piece with Mohs micrographic surgery is significantly relevant. Objective: to compare histopathologic evaluation results of incisional biospy and debulking in skin cancer treated with Mohs micrographic surgery at the Dermatology Service of the Clinicas University Hospital, between November, 2013 and March, 2019. Methodology: retrospective, descriptive study analysing 202 non-melanoma carcinomas which were treated with Mohs micrographic surgery the Dermatology Service of the "Dr. Manuel Quintela" Clinicas Hospital, between November, 2013 and March, 2019. Results: the study only considered the cases where bulking identified the tumor. Biopsy matched debulking in 61.39% of cases. Debulking detected an agressive subtype that was not detected in the biopsy in 8.41% of the cases. Conclusions: the hystopathological study of debulking has proved to be relevant, and the incisional biopsy was found to be partially representative in determining the histopathological subtype of non-melanoma carcinomas, since approximately 1 out of 10 carcinomas could be underdiagnosed and not appropriately treated.

Resumo: Introdução: o subtipo histopatológico é um dos determinantes fundamentais na classificação de risco dos carcinomas cutâneos. Identifica-se na biópsia incisional que representa apenas uma porcentagem da massa tumoral, sendo a principal preocupação a não detecção de um subtipo agressivo. Daí o interesse de comparar a semelhança entre esta e o material de excisão cirúrgica (citorreduçao - debulking) da Cirurgia Micrográfica de Mohs (CMM). Objetivos: comparar os resultados histopatológicos entre biópsia incisional e citorredução em carcinomas de pele tratados com CTM no serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital de Clínicas de novembro de 2013 a março de 2019. Metodologia: estudo descritivo retrospectivo onde foram analisados 202 carcinomas de pele não melanoma (NSCLC) submetidos a CCM no serviço de Cirurgia Dermatológica do Hospital de Clínicas "Dr. Manuel Quintela" entre novembro de 2013 e março de 2019. Resultados: foram considerados somente os casos em que um tumor foi encontrado em citorredução. Do total, a biópsia coincidiu com a cirurgia citorredutora em 61,39% dos casos. A citorredução mostrou um subtipo agressivo que não foi detectado na biópsia em 8,41% dos casos.

Comparación de las tinciones con hematoxilina y eosina versus azul de toluidina en la evaluación de los carcinomas cutáneos durante la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs / Comparative study of toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin staining in evaluating skin-carcinoma during Mohs micrographic surgery / Comparação da coloração de hematoxilina e eosina versus azul de toluidina na avaliação de carcinomas cutâneos durante a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs

Resumen: Introducción: la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs es una técnica quirúrgica especializada para el tratamiento del cáncer de piel no melanoma. La histopatología cumple un rol fundamental, y la elección de la tinción es un punto de controversia. Objetivos: comparar el rendimiento de las tinciones de hematoxilina y eosina (HyE) versus azul de toluidina (AT) durante la cirugía. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal a partir de noviembre de 2017 hasta mayo de 2018. Se incluyeron las láminas empleadas durante la cirugía en el período mencionado. Estas fueron analizadas por el cirujano de Mohs, tres residentes y una dermopatóloga. Se valoró el rendimiento de ambas tinciones, teniendo en cuenta las características celulares y los elementos del estroma. Resultados: se estudiaron 23 tumores (16 carcinomas basocelulares y 7 carcinomas espinocelulares). Al observarse al microscopio óptico tanto con la tinción de AT como con HyE no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en lo global, sólo en algunas características, especialmente con la HyE. Conclusiones: es el primer trabajo en Uruguay que compara la eficacia de las dos tinciones durante la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs. Como conclusión tanto la tinción de HyE como el AT son muy buenas técnicas para el diagnóstico de carcinomas cutáneos.

Abstract: Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is a specialized surgical technique used to treat nonmelanoma carcinoma. Histopathology plays a vital role in the diagnosis of this condition, and the choice staining method is controversial. Objective: to compare results in the use of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) versus Toluidine blue (TB) staining during surgery. Method: observational, descriptive and transversal study conducted from November, 2017 until May, 2018 of the slides used during surgeries in the selected period. Slides were analysed by the Mohs surgeon, 3 residents and a dermopathologist to evaluate the results of both staining methods, in consideration of cell features and stromal elements. Results: 23 tumors were analysed (16 Basal Cell carcinomas and 7 Squamous Cell Carcinoma). Microscopic observation of slides prepared with Toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin stains did not show significant global differences between both groups, except in terms of a few characteristics, in particular with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Conclusions: this was the first study in Uruguay to evaluate the effectiveness of both staining methods during Mohs micrographic surgery, and it concluded that both Toluidine blue and hematoxylin and eosin stains are very good techniques in evaluating skin-cancer.

Resumo: Introdução: a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs é uma técnica cirúrgica especializada para o tratamento do câncer de pele não melanoma. A histopatologia desempenha um papel fundamental, onde a escolha da coloração é um ponto de controvérsia. Objetivos: comparar o desempenho das colorações de hematoxilina e eosina versus azul de toluidina durante a cirurgia. Método: estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal de novembro de 2017 a maio de 2018. Foram incluídas as lâminas utilizadas durante as cirurgias no referido período. Estas foram analisadas pelo cirurgião especializado na técnica de Mohs, 3 residentes e um dermatopatologista onde foi avaliado o desempenho de ambas as colorações, levando em consideração as características celulares e os elementos do estroma. Resultados: foram estudados 23 tumores (16 carcinomas basocelulares e 7 carcinomas espinocelulares). Quando observados ao microscópio de luz para coloração AT e H&E, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em geral, apenas em algumas características, especialmente com o H&E. Conclusões: é o primeiro estudo no Uruguai que compara a eficácia dos 2 corantes durante a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs. Em conclusão, tanto a coloração com hematoxilina e eosina quanto com azul de toluidina são técnicas muito boas para o diagnóstico de carcinomas de pele.

Smart Mohs: técnica inovadora em cirurgia de Mohs / Smart Mohs: Innovative technique in Mohs surgery

O processamento tecidual em cirurgia de Mohs visa à confecção de lâminas histológicas que permitam a análise de 100% das margens cirúrgicas. É uma etapa crítica e passível de erros. Como não há padronização na montagem dos blocos, há desnivelamento das superfícies de corte das diferentes amostras, levando à necessidade de contínuos ajustes no eixo X-Y no interior do criostato, lentificando o processo. Visando à resolução desse problema, desenvolveu-se um dispositivo que minimiza quaisquer inclinações dos blocos, mantendo-se as margens cirúrgicas paralelas em todas as amostras, acelerando-se o processo e mantendo-se a alta qualidade das lâminas histológicas.

The tissue processing in Mohs surgery aims at histological slides that allow the analysis of 100% of the surgical margins. The embedding tissue is a critical step and prone to errors. As there is no standardization when mounting the blocks, there may be unevenness in the different samples cutting surfaces, leading to the need for continuous adjustments on the X-Y axis inside the cryostat, slowing down the process. A device was developed to solve this problem, minimizing any blocks inclination, keeping the surgical margins parallel in all samples, accelerating the process, and maintaining the histological slides high quality

Dermal regeneration template: a new option for the repair of a large surgical defect after mohs surgery in epidermolysis bullosa

La epidermólisis ampollar es un raro trastorno hereditario caracterizado por fragilidad cutánea, formación de ampollas mucocutáneas recurrentes luego de un traumatismo mínimo y cicatrización deficiente de heridas. Además, algunas variantes se han asociado con la aparición de carcinomas espinocelulares. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente con epidermólisis ampollar, que presentó un extenso carcinoma espinocelular localizado en cara posterior de brazo. Este fue tratado con cirugía micrográfica de Mohs y el defecto quirúrgico resultante fue reparado aplicando una matriz de regeneración dérmica sobre la herida durante un mes. Posteriormente continuamos con curaciones y ungüento antibiótico sobre la herida dos veces al día, completando la cicatrización con un excelente resultado cosmético y funcional. Enfatizamos en el carácter novedoso de esta opción terapéutica y en su utilidad en pacientes con epidermólisis ampollar.

Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by skin fragility, recurrent mucocutaneous blisters following minimal trauma, and compromised wound healing. Moreover, some variants have been associated with squamous cell carcinoma. Following, we present the clinical case of a patient with epidermolysis bullosa, who presented a large squamous cell carcinoma of the arm. It was resected using Mohs micrographic surgery, and the final defect was repaired by applying a dermal regeneration template over the wound for a month. After this period, we continued using cures and antibiotic ointment over the wound twice a day, and healing was completed with excellent cosmetic and functional results. We emphasize the novelty of this therapeutic option, and its usefulness in patients with epidermolysis bullosa.

Immediate Umbilical Reconstruction after a Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Primary Cutaneous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Arising in the Umbilicus

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a malignant neoplasm of glands commonly occurs in salivary glands. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC) is a rare form of ACC that primarily presents on the skin. Herein, we represent a rare case of PCACC occurred in the umbilicus in a 66-year-old Korean male patient. The patient visited our center with erythematous indurated patch on the umbilicus diagnosed as ACC by incisional biopsy at another center. The diagnosis of PCACC was confirmed by additional histopathologic examination and imaging study. We proceeded Mohs micrographic surgery and reconstructed umbilicus with tacked purse string suture. Local recurrence and distant metastasis were not observed during 30-month follow-up. We report this rare case of PCACC on the umbilicus so that dermatologist can aware of the rare disease. Furthermore, we recommend MMS and tacked purse string suture as effective methods for treatment of PCACC and immediate umbilical reconstruction.

MOHS Micrographic Surgery: The Malaysian Experience and a Review of the Evidence

MOHs micrographic surgery is a technique of microscopic margin control in the surgical management of skin cancers particularly at cosmetically sensitive sites. This review article is aimed at sharing our initial experience of performing MOHs surgery for skin cancers in Malaysia since 2015.

A Case of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans Treated with Slow Mohs Micrographic Surgery / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Complications and solutions in Mohs micrographic surgery: a retrospective analysis / Complicaciones y soluciones en cirugía micrográfica de Mohs: un análisis retrospectivo

Introducción: la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs es el gold standard para el tratamiento del cáncer de piel no melanoma. Ocasionalmente puede presentar complicaciones. Nuestro objetivo fue describir las complicaciones que observamos en nuestra Unidad de Cirugía Dermatológica y comparar nuestros resultados con otros estudios. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de todas las cirugías de Mohs realizadas en nuestro servicio entre noviembre 2013 y abril 2016. Los datos clínicos, tumorales y quirúrgicos representan aquellos disponibles en la historia clínica. Resultados: se realizaron 100 cirugías individuales en 71 pacientes;48 hombres y 23 mujeres. La edad promedio fue de 69.1 ± 1.7 años. El área del defecto promedio fue de 6.2 ± 0.9 cm2. Sólo se observaron 3 complicaciones (3%): necrosis de colgajo, hematoma con abultamiento de colgajo, y hemorragia postoperatoria. Todas se presentaron en pacientes diferentes, todas en fumadores activos y en región de cabeza y cuello. Discusión: las complicaciones son infrecuentes y suelen corresponder a infecciones del sitio quirúrgico, dehiscencia de suturas, hematoma/hemorragia o necrosis. Si bien el número de pacientes es limitado, nuestros resultados y la revisión de la literatura concuerda en su mayor parte. Destacamos que el tabaquismo activo representa un factor de riesgo para complicaciones. Conclusiones: la cirugía de Mohs tiene una incidencia baja de complicaciones, y la mayoría de estas son menores. Un conocimiento de sus modos de prevención y tratamiento es necesario para llevar a cabo este procedimiento.

Introduction: Mohs micrographic surgery is the gold standard for non-melanoma skin cancer treatment. It may occasionally present complications. Our objective was to describe the complications we observed in our Dermatologic Surgery Unit and compare our results with other studies. Materials and methods: we performed a retrospective analysis of all Mohs surgeries done in our service between November 2013 and April 2016. Clinical, tumoral and surgical data was gathered from the patients' medical history. Results: 100 individual surgeries in 71 patients were registered; 48 males and 23 females. Mean age was 69.1 ± 1.7 years. Mean defect area was 6.2 ± 0.9 cm2. Only 3 complications were seen (3%): flap necrosis, hematoma with flap bulging, and postoperative hemorrhage. All of these occurred in different patients, all of them in active smokers and in the head and neck region. Discussion: complications are infrequent and are usually surgical site infections, suture dehiscence, bleeding/hematoma or necrosis. Although our number of patients is limited, our results are mostly compatible with the literature. We highlight that active smoking represents a risk factor for complications. Conclusions: Mohs surgery has a low incidence of complications, and most of these are minor. A knowledge of prevention and treatment modalities is necessary to perform this procedure.

Two Cases of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Intracranial Extension / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin malignant neoplasm. Cutaneous SCC shows a broad spectrum, ranging from easily managed superficial tumors to highly infiltrative, metastasizing ones that can cause death. We have experienced two patients with SCC with intracranial extension. One case was an 88-year-old man with a tumor on the forehead treated with Mohs micrographic surgery who presented with local recurrence at the perilesional region of the primary site after 3 years. Wide excision was performed, and histologic findings showed a SCC that extended to the dura mater. The other case was a 69-year-old woman who presented with an erythematous 2x4 cm-sized plaque on the right temple, and a biopsy examination revealed SCC. The patient refused surgery and 7 months later, presented with a 5x10 cm-sized oozing plaque with multiple ulcers. Radiologic evaluation demonstrated intracranial invasion and right retropharyngeal metastatic lymph nodes. She was treated with radiotherapy for 4 months.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Study of Clinical, Pathologic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Features in Korean Patients

PURPOSE: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) carries a translocation resulting in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1)-platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) fusion gene, which is responsible for PDGFB activation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological, genetic, and therapeutic features of DFSP in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 37 patients with DFSP were reviewed. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in 16 patients using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and specific primers for COL1A1 and PDGFB. RESULTS: The mean age of 37 patients was 37.4 years old. The most common tumor location was the trunk. All patients were treated primarily with surgery: 34 (91.7%) cases with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and 3 (8.3%) cases with wide local excision. The median follow-up time was 33.7 months. Two patients, one in each treatment group, demonstrated local recurrence during the follow-up period. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene was expressed in 14 (87.5%) cases, demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. No association was found among the different COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts, the various histological subtypes and clinical features. CONCLUSION: Our results support the effectiveness of MMS in treating DFSP. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcript was observed in 87.5% of patients. Therefore, COL1A1-PDGFB is a useful and accurate tool in diagnosing DFSP in Koreans.

Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Study of Clinical, Pathologic, Genetic, and Therapeutic Features in Korean Patients

PURPOSE: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) carries a translocation resulting in the collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1)-platelet-derived growth factor beta (PDGFB) fusion gene, which is responsible for PDGFB activation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinicopathological, genetic, and therapeutic features of DFSP in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinicopathological features of 37 patients with DFSP were reviewed. Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in 16 patients using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and specific primers for COL1A1 and PDGFB. RESULTS: The mean age of 37 patients was 37.4 years old. The most common tumor location was the trunk. All patients were treated primarily with surgery: 34 (91.7%) cases with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) and 3 (8.3%) cases with wide local excision. The median follow-up time was 33.7 months. Two patients, one in each treatment group, demonstrated local recurrence during the follow-up period. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion gene was expressed in 14 (87.5%) cases, demonstrated by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis. No association was found among the different COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts, the various histological subtypes and clinical features. CONCLUSION: Our results support the effectiveness of MMS in treating DFSP. The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcript was observed in 87.5% of patients. Therefore, COL1A1-PDGFB is a useful and accurate tool in diagnosing DFSP in Koreans.

Extramammary Paget's disease: Analysis of 17 Chinese cases.

Background/Objective: Extramammary Paget’s Disease (EMPD) seems to be more common in Caucasians than Chinese. We report the clinical manifestations, management, and prognostic characteristics in 17 Chinese patients. Methods: Medical records and biopsies of 17 patients who had been treated at a large university hospital in China between March 2005 and January 2012 were reviewed. Results: Of the 17 patients, 14 were men. They had lesions on the scrotum and the penis. Of the three women, two had vulvar and one had inguinal lesions. All patients underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Three men had metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes and underwent an extensive local excision with inguinal lymphadenectomy. Eight patients who had positive excision margins received additional radiation therapy. The mean follow-up duration was 54 months (4-85 months). One patient had two recurrences. Three had metastasis to the inguinal lymph node. One had metastasis to the bone and concomitant prostate cancer. Two patients died of the disease. Conclusion: A striking difference in presentation of EMPD in Chinese compared with Caucasians is the male predominance and location on the penis and scrotum. Mohs micrographic surgery followed by radiotherapy is an effective treatment. Long-term follow-up suggests that the disease has a good prognosis when it does not metastasise.

Reconstruction of Eyelid Defects after Mohs Micrographic Surgery for Skin Cancer of the Eyelid / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction of eyelid defects is extremely complex because both functional and aesthetic aspects should be considered. Numerous techniques for reconstruction are available for repairing eyelid defects, depending on the size, location, and extent of the defect. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at assessing the effectiveness and cosmetic consequences of various reconstruction techniques for eyelid defects after Mohs micrographic surgery. METHODS: Twenty patients who received a diagnosis of skin cancer of the eyelids from November 2005 to August 2009 were analyzed. Among them, 15 patients were treated with a local flap to reconstruct the defective eyelids, and the remaining patients were treated with primary closure. The medical records and photographs were reviewed by two independent physicians, and postoperative results were evaluated. RESULTS: Eyelid defects were reconstructed with various surgical techniques, such as primary closure, transposition flap, subcutaneous island pedicle flap, advancement flap, rotation flap, Tenzel flap, and hard palate mucous membrane graft. The cosmetic results were satisfactory, and 16 of 20 (80%) patients showed good to excellent results. However, one patient developed a sclera show and another patient showed tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Many reconstruction techniques can be used for eyelid defects. An optimal choice would be one that is based on the extent, depth, and location of the defect; skin condition and wishes of the patient; and the surgeon's experience. Furthermore, it is important to have an understanding of the anatomy of the eyelid, the basic principles of the reconstruction techniques, and the merits and drawbacks of each technique.

Transient Unilateral Forehead Paralysis Following Mohs Micrographic Surgery / 대한피부과학회지

Unilateral forehead paralysis is a well-documented symptom which follows the superficial temporal branch of the facial nerve injury. The temporal branch holds the highest risk of injury during head and neck surgery among facial nerve branches because it runs superficially above the level of the zygomatic arch, and is not protected by the galea-parietotemporal fascia. Injury to the nerves prior to its innervations into the frontalis muscles will result in unilateral frontalis paralysis which leads to a flattened forehead, eyebrow ptosis and an inability to raise the eyebrow. However, the postoperative forehead paralysis does not always leave permanent sequale. The restorations for motor functions of the nerves sometimes occur without any interventions from several days to several months after the injury. This transient forehead paralysis may result from inhibitory effects for local anesthetics of motor nerve function, neural edema, or direct nerve injury during the operation. Therefore, it is important to predict clinical courses and take appropriate management of postoperative facial nerve paralysis through the understanding neuroanatomy for temporal branch of facial nerves and sophisticated surgical techniques. Herein, we report a case of transient unilateral forehead paralysis which follows Mohs' micrographical surgery for basal cell carcinoma of left temple regions where the superficial temporal branch of the facial nerve runs.

Study on the Comparison between Wide Excision and Mohs Micrographic Surgery for the Management of Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Single Institution Experience / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is a mesenchymal tumor of the skin of intermediate-grade which is a rare condition. The slow growing and aggressive invasion on local tissues are characteristic features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The treatment for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is mainly a surgical excision such as a wide excision and Mohs micrographic surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the result of wide excision and Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans at a single institution in Korea. METHODS: A retrospective review was done for 24 patients diagnosed with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and treated surgically from 1999 to 2010 at Chonbuk National University Hospital. Patient demographics, tumor features, surgical features, and recurrence during the follow-up period were evaluated. RESULTS: 13 patients were treated with wide excision, and 11 with Mohs micrographic surgery. There was no metastasis for all the cases. Mean operation time for the wide excision group was 83 minutes whereas 182 minutes for the Mohs micrographic surgery group, and it was a statistically significant difference. However, no significant difference was observed in post-operative defect size, advanced surgical repair and local recurrence in our study. CONCLUSION: We suggest that wide excision and Mohs micrographic surgery are both successful modalities for the surgical treatment of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Hence, individualized patient and tumor characteristics should be concerned when determining the surgical options for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.

Reconstruction of Periorbital Basal Cell Carcinoma after Mohs Micrographic Surgery by Combination of Local Flaps and Graft / 대한피부과학회지

In reconstructing skin defects on the periorbital area, functional maintenance, as well as cosmetic outcomes, should be seriously considered. The periorbital defects, after Mohs micrographic surgery, are not easily treated with simple closure or flaps, as the defects are relatively large, but the areas have low laxity and locate closely with cosmetically important components in the face. We experienced two patients of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the medial canthus, which were completely excised with Mohs micrographic surgery. The defects after Mohs surgery were reconstructed by combining the techniques of transposition flap, island pedicle flap, and skin graft. Two patients were very satisfactory with post-operative results in both functional and cosmetic aspects. To our experiences, the combination of flaps and graft can be a simple and a cosmetically excellent method in reconstructing the relatively large defects for BCC removal on the periorbital area.

Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinomas Treated by Mohs Micrographic Surgery / 대한피부과학회지

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nail bed is rare, and it usually mimics a variety of diseases. Thus, a true diagnosis of subungual SCC may be delayed for years. The appearance of a subungual tumor at presentation is often non-diagnostic, and exploratory nail-plate removal with biopsy is recommended. We have experienced four patients with subungual SCC, and they were treated by Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). In an average follow-up of 13.5 months, there was no recurrence in all cases. However, in one case, amputation was performed due to local periosteal invasion. In cases of subungual SCC without bone involvement, particular virtue of MMS over amputation is that it permits the preservation of both function and cosmesis of the nail unit. Since the maintenance of function is of the utmost priority, MMS can be considered the most appropriate technique, as it enables us to maximize the preservation of normal anatomy of the finger.